拿破崙·波拿巴（1769–1821）從一名出生於科西嘉島的炮兵軍官晉升為法國皇帝——在他鼎盛時期，他控制了歐洲大陸的大部分地區。克麗奧佩脫拉七世（公元前 69–30 年）是托勒密埃及最後一位活躍的統治者 — 她會說九種語言，也是第一位真正會說埃及語的托勒密統治者。凱撒大帝（公元前 100–44 年）轉型了羅馬共和國 — 他在三月之望（公元前 44 年 3 月 15 日）遭刺身亡，身中 23 刀，這導致了羅馬帝國的建立。李奧納多·達文西（1452–1519）是終極的文藝復興人 — 同時是畫家、雕塑家、建築師、音樂家、數學家、工程師和解剖學家。瑪麗·居禮（1867–1934）是第一位在兩個不同科學領域（1903 年物理學、1911 年化學）獲得諾貝爾獎的人 — 也是史上唯一達成此成就的人。亞伯拉罕·林肯（1809–1865）帶領美國渡過內戰並廢除了奴隸制 — 1865 年他在福特劇院被約翰·威爾克斯·布斯暗殺。威廉·莎士比亞 (1564–1616) 創作了 37 部劇本和 154 首十四行詩 — 他發明了 1,700 多個至今仍在使用中的英語單詞，包括 'bedroom' (臥室)、'lonely' (孤獨) 和 'generous' (慷慨)。聖雄甘地 (1869–1948) 通過非暴力公民抗命運動領導了印度的獨立運動 — 他的哲學影響了全世界的民權領袖。阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦 (1879–1955) 提出了相對論 — 他的質能方程 E=mc² 徹底改變了物理學，並促成了核能和核武器的產生。成吉思汗 (1162–1227) 建立了歷史上最大的連貫疆域帝國 — 蒙古帝國在鼎盛時期從太平洋延伸至東歐。弗羅倫斯·南丁格爾 (1820–1910) 在克里米亞戰爭期間通過衛生改革將醫院死亡率從 42% 降低至 2%，將護理學轉變為受人尊敬的職業。查爾斯·達爾文 (1809–1882) 於 1859 年出版了《物種起源》 — 他的自然選擇演化論是現代生物學的基石。馬丁·路德·金恩 (1929–1968) 領導了美國民權運動 — 他於 1963 年在華盛頓大遊行中發表的《我有一個夢想》演講是歷史上最偉大的演說之一。艾薩克·牛頓 (1643–1727) 提出了運動定律與萬有引力定律 — 他還共同發明了微積分，並證明了白光包含所有光譜顏色。納爾遜·曼德拉 (1918–2013) 因反對種族隔離政策而在監獄服刑 27 年 — 他於 1994 年成為南非首位民主選舉產生的總統，並獲得諾貝爾和平獎。凱薩琳大帝 (1729–1796) 出生時是德國公主，後來成為俄羅斯在位時間最長的女性統治者 — 她將俄羅斯的領土擴張了 520,000 平方公里。尼古拉·特斯拉 (1856–1943) 發明了交流電系統、無線電和感應馬達 — 他與愛迪生在交流電與直流電方面的競爭塑造了現代電網。蘇格拉底 (西元前 470–399) 通過蘇格拉底反詰法創立了西方哲學 — 他沒有留下任何著作；我們所知的一切都來自他的學生，主要是柏拉圖。哈莉特·塔布曼 (1822–1913) 逃離奴役，並執行了 13 次任務，透過「地下鐵道」營救了約 70 名受奴役者 —— 她從未丟失過一名乘客。孔子 (公元前 551–479 年) 創立了儒家思想 —— 他關於倫理、家庭忠誠和社會和諧的教導塑造了東亞文明長達 2500 年。聖女貞德 (1412–1431) 在 17 至 19 歲時率領法國軍隊贏得多場勝利 —— 她隨後被捕，因異端罪受審，並在年僅 19 歲時被處以火刑。阿基米德 (公元前 287–212 年) 發現了槓桿、浮力和螺旋泵原理 —— 他在洗澡時發現排水位移現象後大喊「Eureka!」(我發現了！)。克里斯多福·哥倫布 (1451–1506) 從 1492 年開始四次航行前往美洲 —— 他的遠征開啟了歐洲與美洲之間持久的接觸。蘇萊曼大帝 (1494–1566) 是鄂圖曼帝國在位時間最長的蘇丹 —— 在他的統治下，帝國疆域從阿爾及利亞延伸至波斯灣。愛達·勒芙蕾絲（Ada Lovelace，1815–1852）被認為是世界上第一位電腦程式設計師 — 她在現代電腦出現前的一個世紀，就為巴貝奇的分析機編寫了演算法。西蒙·玻利瓦（1783–1830）將南美六國從西班牙統治中解放出來 — 包括委內瑞拉、哥倫比亞、厄瓜多、秘魯、玻利維亞（以他命名）和巴拿馬。亞里斯多德（西元前384–322年）曾擔任亞歷山大大帝的導師並創立了呂克昂學園 — 他的著作奠定了西方在邏輯、生物、倫理和政治方面的智識傳統基礎。鄭和（1371–1433）率領七次巨大的海軍遠征前往東南亞、南亞和東非 — 他最大的船隻長度超過120公尺，使哥倫布的船隻相形見絀。阿育王（西元前304–232年）在血腥的羯陵伽戰爭後皈依佛教 — 隨後他推廣不害（非暴力）原則，並在整個帝國境內興建醫院、道路和水井。伽利略·伽利萊（1564–1642）證實了太陽系的日心說模型 — 天主教裁判所強迫他撤回言論，並將其終身軟禁。哈特謝普蘇特（西元前1507–1458年）是古埃及最成功的法老之一 — 她以男性身份統治，留著假鬍鬚，並將貿易路線擴展至邦特之地。伊本·巴圖塔（1304–1368）在30年間旅行了約117,000公里 — 訪問了幾乎所有穆斯林國家，並抵達馬利、印度、中國和馬爾地夫。他的航程遠超馬可·波羅。武則天 (624–705) 是中國歷史上唯一擁有皇帝頭銜的女性 — 她統治中國 45 年，進行了科舉制度改革並擴張了帝國版圖。尼古拉·哥白尼 (1473–1543) 提出了太陽系的日心說模型 — 他於 1543 年出版的《天體運行論》觸發了科學革命。亞歷山卓的希帕提亞 (公元 360–415 年) 是第一位有完善記載的女性數學家與天文學家 — 她被基督教暴徒謀殺，成為理性探索的象徵。弗雷德里克·道格拉斯 (1818–1895) 逃離奴隸制度，成為 19 世紀美國最具影響力的黑人領袖 — 他的自傳是美國歷史上最重要的文獻之一。拉美西斯二世 (公元前 1303–1213 年) 執政 66 年，育有 100 多名子女，並建造了比任何其他埃及法老都多的紀念碑 — 常被稱為「拉美西斯大帝」。狄奧多拉皇后 (公元 500–548 年) 從女演員晉升為拜占庭帝國與查士丁尼一世的共同統治者 — 她擴展了女性權利，並在尼卡暴動期間挽救了帝國。杜桑·盧維杜爾 (1743–1803) 領導了歷史上唯一成功的奴隸起義 — 海地革命創造了第一個黑人共和國，以及第一個由前奴隸建立的國家。孫子 (公元前 544–496 年) 撰寫了《孫子兵法》 — 至今仍是全球最具影響力的軍事著作，是全球軍事院校、商學院及律師事務所的必讀書籍。You scored 0 out of 40You scored 1 out of 40You scored 2 out of 40You scored 3 out of 40You scored 4 out of 40You scored 5 out of 40You scored 6 out of 40You scored 7 out of 40You scored 8 out of 40You scored 9 out of 40You scored 10 out of 40You scored 11 out of 40You scored 12 out of 40You scored 13 out of 40You scored 14 out of 40You scored 15 out of 40You scored 16 out of 40You scored 17 out of 40You scored 18 out of 40You scored 19 out of 40You scored 20 out of 40You scored 21 out of 40You scored 22 out of 40You scored 23 out of 40You scored 24 out of 40You scored 25 out of 40You scored 26 out of 40You scored 27 out of 40You scored 28 out of 40You scored 29 out of 40You scored 30 out of 40You scored 31 out of 40You scored 32 out of 40You scored 33 out of 40You scored 34 out of 40You scored 35 out of 40You scored 36 out of 40You scored 37 out of 40You scored 38 out of 40You scored 39 out of 40You scored 40 out of 40
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歷史上充斥著永遠改變世界的非凡人物。從征服者到科學家，從哲學家到革命家，這些男男女女塑造了帝國，改寫了自然法則，並定義了文明的進程。有些出現在你的貨幣上。有些出現在你的教科書中。少數人則幾乎被時間遺忘。這場測驗跨越了五千年的醫學歷史和全球每個角落。覺得你能叫出所有 40 個人的名字嗎？歷史愛好者和知識迷們——這就是為你們準備的！